
Problem Statement
In this scenario, we have a file from which we are required to read characters. The method available to perform this reading is named read4
, which reads up to four consecutive characters from the file into a provided buffer buf4
. Notably, each call to read4
updates its internal file pointer, meaning subsequent calls continue from where the last call ended.
The challenge is to implement a method that allows reading n
characters from the file, utilizing read4
to facilitate this. The method should directly handle cases where the number of characters requested (n
) is not a multiple of four, and manage the scenario where the file content is shorter than the requested number of characters.
To simplify the problem:
read4(buf4)
reads four characters from the file intobuf4
.- The returned value from
read4
indicates how many characters were actually read, which can be less than four if the end of the file is reached.
An example provided elucidates how read4
functions:
- With the file content "abcde", calling
read4(buf4)
first time retrieves "abcd" and places the file pointer at 'e'. The next call retrieves 'e', and any subsequent calls return 0, indicating no more characters to read since the file end is reached.
Examples
Example 1
Input:
file = "abc", n = 4
Output:
3
Explanation:
After calling your read method, buf should contain "abc". We read a total of 3 characters from the file, so return 3. Note that "abc" is the file's content, not buf. buf is the destination buffer that you will have to write the results to.
Example 2
Input:
file = "abcde", n = 5
Output:
5
Explanation:
After calling your read method, buf should contain "abcde". We read a total of 5 characters from the file, so return 5.
Example 3
Input:
file = "abcdABCD1234", n = 12
Output:
12
Explanation:
After calling your read method, buf should contain "abcdABCD1234". We read a total of 12 characters from the file, so return 12.
Constraints
1 <= file.length <= 500
file
consist of English letters and digits.1 <= n <= 1000
Approach and Intuition
The primary approach for the problem can be strategized as follows:
- Initialize a buffer
buf
that will eventually store up ton
characters to be returned. - Repeatedly call
read4
to read chunks of the file:- Store the results temporarily in a buffer
buf4
. - Copy from
buf4
tobuf
the lesser of the number of characters read or the remaining number to reachn
. - Keep a count of total characters copied to
buf
.
- Store the results temporarily in a buffer
This method will need to account for:
- Cases where
n
is greater than the file length. - Cases where file length is a multiple of four and exactly
n
or less. - Efficiently handling the internal state to ensure not to read beyond the file content or beyond
n
characters.
We would use a loop to continue reading while we have not read n
characters and read4
continues to return data. This will ensure all characters up to n
or up to the file's end are read and stored appropriately. The method will return the number of characters actually read and stored in the buffer buf
, which can be compared against n
to handle cases where the file's content is shorter than n
.
Solutions
- C++
- Java
- C
- Python
class Solution {
public:
int read_buffer(char *buffer, int length) {
int totalCopies = 0;
int charsFromRead4 = 4;
int leftChars = length;
// Loop to read blocks of 4 characters as long as possible
while (leftChars >= 4 && charsFromRead4 == 4) {
charsFromRead4 = read4(buffer + totalCopies);
totalCopies += charsFromRead4;
}
// Read the remaining characters (less than 4)
if (leftChars > 0 && charsFromRead4) {
char smallBuf[4];
charsFromRead4 = read4(smallBuf);
for (int i = 0; i < min(leftChars, charsFromRead4); i++) {
buffer[totalCopies++] = smallBuf[i];
}
}
return min(length, totalCopies);
}
};
The given C++ solution defines a method read_buffer
inside a class Solution
. This method is designed to effectively read a specified number of characters from a file or stream using the read4
API, which reads up to 4 characters at a time. Here's the breakdown of how the code manages to achieve this:
Handling of Buffer and Characters: Variables are initialized to keep track of total characters copied (
totalCopies
), the number of characters returned fromread4
(charsFromRead4
), and how many characters are left to be read (leftChars
).Reading in Blocks of 4 Characters Default Case: The primary logic inside a loop uses
read4
to read characters into the buffer directly, as long as there are at least 4 characters left to read.Handling Smaller Blocks of Characters: A separate condition addresses the scenario when the characters left to read (
leftChars
) are fewer than 4. In such cases, a temporary buffer (smallBuf
) is utilized to store characters fromread4
. A loop then copies the necessary number of characters from this temporary buffer to the main buffer.Returning the Total Number of Characters Read: Finally, the method returns the smaller value between the total number of characters requested (
length
) and the total number of characters actually copied (totalCopies
). This ensures the return of only the number of characters that were read up tolength
.
This approach elegantly handles different scenarios like more characters requested than available and ensures that no more than the requested number of characters are read. It leverages a temporary buffer to manage partial blocks of characters efficiently and safely copies the required characters to the main buffer.
public class Solution extends Reader4 {
public int read(char[] buffer, int n) {
int totalCharsCopied = 0;
int charsReadFromLastCall = 4;
int charsLeftToRead = n;
while (charsLeftToRead >= 4 && charsReadFromLastCall == 4) {
char[] temporaryBuffer = new char[4];
charsReadFromLastCall = read4(temporaryBuffer);
for (int i = 0; i < charsReadFromLastCall; i++) {
buffer[totalCharsCopied + i] = temporaryBuffer[i];
}
totalCharsCopied += charsReadFromLastCall;
}
if (charsLeftToRead > 0 && charsReadFromLastCall != 0) {
char[] temporaryBuffer = new char[4];
charsReadFromLastCall = read4(temporaryBuffer);
for (int i = 0; i < Math.min(charsLeftToRead, charsReadFromLastCall); i++) {
buffer[totalCharsCopied++] = temporaryBuffer[i];
}
}
return Math.min(n, totalCharsCopied);
}
}
The problem "Read N Characters Given Read4" in Java involves creating a function read(char[] buffer, int n)
that reads characters into buffer
up to n
characters using a method read4()
that reads up to 4 characters from a file and returns the actual number of characters read. The function uses a loop to process batches of 4 characters until it reaches or exceeds the number of characters requested, or until there are no more characters to read.
- Ensure that you utilize a helper array
temporaryBuffer
of size 4 to hold characters read byread4()
. - In a loop, fill
temporaryBuffer
usingread4()
and copy these characters intobuffer
. Count the total characters copied to ensure you do not exceedn
. - If the loop exits with fewer than
n
characters read (due toread4()
returning less than 4 characters), handle any remaining characters by reading once more intotemporaryBuffer
and copy the necessary number of characters tobuffer
. - Finally, the function returns the number of characters copied, which is the smaller value between
n
andtotalCharsCopied
.
This method relies primarily on looping and condition checks to ensure that the reading process respects the limits provided by n
and appropriately handles cases where the data source contains fewer than n
characters.
int read_into_buffer(char* buffer, int length) {
int num_copied = 0;
int num_read = 4;
int num_remaining = length;
// Keep reading 4 characters at a time until we can't fill a block of 4
while (num_remaining >= 4 && num_read == 4) {
num_read = read4(buffer + num_copied);
num_copied += num_read;
}
// If less than 4 characters are needed, read into a temporary buffer first
if (num_remaining && num_read) {
char temp_buffer[4];
num_read = read4(temp_buffer);
int to_copy = num_remaining < num_read ? num_remaining : num_read;
for (int i = 0; i < to_copy; i++) {
buffer[num_copied++] = temp_buffer[i];
}
}
return length < num_copied ? length : num_copied;
}
This solution presents a C function read_into_buffer
designed to read a specified number of characters from a data source using a function read4
, which reads up to 4 characters at a time.
Implement this approach effectively by following these steps:
Begin by initializing three integers:
num_copied
to track the count of characters copied to the main buffer,num_read
started at 4 representing the maximum charactersread4
can fetch, andnum_remaining
which is the count of characters left to read, initialized to the value oflength
.Use a while loop to continue reading in chunks of 4 characters as long as at least 4 characters are needed (
num_remaining >= 4
) andread4
is successfully reading 4 characters (num_read == 4
). Inside the loop:- Perform a
read4
operation on the buffer starting from the currentnum_copied
index. - Update
num_copied
and adjustnum_remaining
accordingly by the number of characters read.
- Perform a
After the loop, handle the scenario where fewer than 4 characters need to be read using a conditional statement. If characters are still required (
num_remaining > 0
) andnum_read
is not zero (indicates previous read was successful):- Initialize a temporary buffer
temp_buffer
of size 4 to hold the reads. - Fetch characters into
temp_buffer
usingread4
. - Calculate
to_copy
, the minimum ofnum_remaining
andnum_read
, to determine the number of characters to transfer fromtemp_buffer
tobuffer
. - Use a for loop to copy the calculated number of characters (
to_copy
) fromtemp_buffer
tobuffer
while updatingnum_copied
.
- Initialize a temporary buffer
Finally, return either
length
ornum_copied
depending on which is smaller. This ensures that you don't report more characters read than were requested.
This method efficiently handles reading a specific number of characters using the read4
function, making optimal use of available resources and ensuring all conditions such as end-of-file or insufficient characters left to read are catered to without over-reading.
class Solution:
def fetch(self, buffer, count):
"""
:type buffer: Destination buffer (List[str])
:type count: Number of characters to read (int)
:rtype: The number of actual characters read (int)
"""
totalRead = 0
lastRead = 4
leftToRead = count
# While there is space for 4 characters, and the last fetch from read4 was exactly 4 characters.
while leftToRead >= 4 and lastRead == 4:
tmpBuffer = [""] * 4
lastRead = read4(tmpBuffer)
for idx in range(lastRead):
buffer[totalRead + idx] = tmpBuffer[idx]
totalRead += lastRead
# Handling leftover characters when fewer than 4 characters remain to be read.
if leftToRead > 0 and lastRead != 0:
tmpBuffer = [""] * 4
lastRead = read4(tmpBuffer)
for idx in range(min(leftToRead, lastRead)):
buffer[totalRead + idx] = tmpBuffer[idx]
totalRead += lastRead
return min(count, totalRead)
The Python3 code provided defines a method fetch
in the Solution
class. This method reads up to count
characters from a data source using a hypothetical helper function, read4
. The read4
function is assumed to read characters in chunks of four and returns the actual number of characters read. The code's objective is to ensure that no more than count
characters are read into the buffer
.
Here's a breakdown of how the implemented method works:
Initializes three local variables:
totalRead
to keep track of the total characters read,lastRead
initially set to 4 to start the reading loop, andleftToRead
which is initially the same ascount
.Executes a loop that continues as long as more than four characters are needed and the last
read4
fetched exactly four characters. Inside this loop, it reads data into a temporary buffer and then transfers those data to your mainbuffer
increment by actual characters read byread4
.Handles the case where fewer than four characters are still needed but haven't yet been read by:
- Performing one last
read4
operation. - Filling the main
buffer
with the remaining characters required (ensuring not to exceedcount
).
- Performing one last
Finally, the function returns the smaller value between
count
and the actualtotalRead
, ensuring you do not report more characters read than requested.
This implementation ensures that the buffer is filled with exactly count characters or the number of characters available from the source, whichever is smaller, efficiently handling situations where data segments are both above and below the size of four characters. The use of the temporary buffer and proper counting guarantees both accuracy and optimal performance.
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