How to Create an Empty File in Linux Using the touch Command

Introduction

The touch command is a file modification tool that enables you to create new files, update file timestamps, and empty files. It's an essential tool used in administrative and scripting tasks that require file creation or timestamp manipulation.

This article explains how to use the touch in Linux to create and manage files.

touch Command Syntax

Below is the basic touch command syntax:

$ touch [options] filename

Within the above command, filename specifies the filename to create or update while [options] modifies how the touch operates.

touch Command Options

Practical Examples of the touch Command

1. Create a new empty file.

   console Copy

   $ touch file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command creates a new empty file file1.txt if it does not already exist in your working directory.

   Output:

   

2. Update the timestamps of an existing file.

   console Copy

   $ touch existingfile.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command updates the access and modification timestamps of the existingfile.txt file using the system time.

   Output:

   

3. Create multiple empty files.

   console Copy

   $ touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command creates three empty files file1.txt, file2.txt, and file3.txt.

   Output:

   

4. Change the access time of a file.

   console Copy

   $ touch -a file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command updates the access time of the file1.txt file.

   Output:

   

5. Change the file modification time.

   console Copy

   $ touch -m file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command updates the modification time of the file1.txt file.

   Output:

   

6. Do not create a file if it does not exist.

   console Copy

   $ touch -c file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command does not create file1.txt if exists and updates the existing file's timestamp.

   Output:

   

7. Set a specific timestamp on a file.

   console Copy

   $ touch -t 202405150930.00 file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command sets the access and modification time of the file1.txt file to May 15, 2024, 09:30 AM.

   Output:

   

8. Copy the timestamps of an existing file to a new file.

   console Copy

   $ touch -r referencefile.txt file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command sets the access and modification times of the file1.txt file to match the referencefile.txt file.

   Output:

   

9. Update timestamps using a string.

   console Copy

   $ touch -d "2023-05-15 09:30:00" file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command updates the access and modification time of the file1.txt file using the specified date and time string.

   Output:

   

Advanced Usage Scenarios

1. Create a file with a specific time.

   console Copy

   $ touch -t 199001010000.00 file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command sets the access and modification time of file1.txt to January 1, 1990, 00:00 AM.

   Output:

   

2. Create log files in a Bash script using touch.

   • Create a sample script log_script.sh using a text editor such as Nano

     console Copy

     $ nano log_script.sh
     

     Explain Code

   • Add the following contents to the file.

     bash Copy

     #!/bin/bash
     for i in {1..5}; do
       touch "logfile_$i.log"
     done
     

     Explain Code

   Save and close the file.

   • Enable execute permissions on the file.s

     console Copy

     $ chmod +x log_script.sh
     

     Explain Code

   • Run the script

     console Copy

     $ bash log_script.sh
     

     Explain Code

   The above script creates five empty log files in your working directory using the format logfile_1.log to logfile_5.log.

   Output:

   

3. Backup a file before modifying the existing file.

   console Copy

   $ cp file1.txt file1.txt.bak && touch file1.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command creates a backup of the file1.txt file before updating its timestamp.

   Output:

   

4. Create empty files in nested directories.

   console Copy

   $ mkdir -p dir1/dir2 && touch dir1/dir2/file.txt
   

   Explain Code

   The above command creates nested directories and an empty file in each directory.

   Output:

   

5. Combine touch with find to recursively update timestamps on multiple files.

   console Copy

   $ find /path/to/directory -type f -exec touch {} +
   

   Explain Code

   The above command updates the timestamps of all files in a specific directory.

   Output:

   

6. Create new files using the current system date and a specific extension.

   console Copy

   $ touch "$(date +%Y-%m-%d).txt"
   

   Explain Code

   The above command creates a new empty file with the current system date and the .txt extension.

   Output:

   

7. Use touch with xargs for batch processing.

   console Copy

   $ echo -e "file1.txt\nfile2.txt\nfile3.txt" | xargs touch
   

   Explain Code

   The above command creates multiple files in your standard input using the xargs utility.

   Output:

   

8. Create a series of empty files with different extensions.

   console Copy

   $ touch file{1..3}.{txt,log,csv}
   

   Explain Code

   The above command creates a series of files with different extensions using the brace expansion method.

   Output:

   

Conclusion

You have used the touch command to create and manipulate files in Linux. For more command options, run the man touch command to view the touch manual page.