How to Install Nginx Web Server on Ubuntu 20.04

Nginx is an open-source web server that delivers static and dynamic web applications or services. It functions as a web server, load balancer, reverse proxy, or HTTP cache, integrating with existing applications or delivering web services via your server's IP or domain.

This article outlines the steps to install Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04 and configure sample web applications for optimal performance.

Prerequisites

Before you begin:

• Have an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

• Set up a new A record for your domain that points to the server IP address.

• Access the server using SSH as a non-root user with sudo privileges.

• Update the server.

Install Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04

The latest Nginx package is available in the default APT repositories for Ubuntu 20.04. Follow the steps below to update your server packages and install Nginx.

1. Update the server package index.

   console Copy

   $ sudo apt update
   

2. Install Nginx.

   console Copy

   $ sudo apt install nginx -y
   

3. View the installed Nginx version on your server.

   console Copy

   $ nginx -v
   

   Your output should be similar to the one below:

   nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

Manage the Nginx System Service

Nginx uses the nginx systemd service profile to manage the web server's runtime and processes. Follow the steps below to enable the Nginx service and control the web server processes on your server.

1. Enable the Nginx web server to start automatically at boot time.

   console Copy

   $ sudo systemctl enable nginx
   

   Output:

   Synchronizing state of nginx.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
   Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable nginx

2. Start the Nginx service.

   console Copy

   $ sudo systemctl start nginx
   

3. Stop the Nginx service.

   console Copy

   $ sudo systemctl stop nginx
   

4. Restart the Nginx service.

   console Copy

   $ sudo systemctl restart nginx
   

5. View the Nginx service status and verify that it's running.

   console Copy

   $ sudo systemctl status nginx
   

   Output:

   ● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
        Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
        Active: active (running) since Sun 2025-04-06 07:47:16 UTC; 3s ago
          Docs: man:nginx(8)
       Process: 3705 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
       Process: 3714 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Main PID: 3715 (nginx)
         Tasks: 5 (limit: 9415)
        Memory: 5.3M
        CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
                ├─3715 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
                ├─3716 nginx: worker process
                ├─3717 nginx: worker process
                ├─3718 nginx: worker process
                └─3719 nginx: worker process

   Based on the output value Active: active (running), Nginx is running on your server. If the status shows Active: active (failed), stop any processes using HTTP port 80 and restart the nginx service.

Create a New Nginx Virtual Host

Nginx virtual hosts include configurations that allow the web server to serve web application files from a specific directory using a domain on your server. Follow the steps below to create a new sample Nginx virtual host configuration for secure file delivery.

1. Create a new Nginx virtual host configuration in the /etc/nginx/sites-available directory. For example, app.example.com.conf.

   console Copy

   $ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/app.example.com.conf
   

2. Add the following configurations to the file.

   ini Copy

   server {
           listen 80;
           listen [::]:80;
   
           server_name app.example.com;
   
           root /var/www/app.example.com;
           index index.html;
   
           location / {
                   try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
           }
   }
   

   Save and close the file.

   The above Nginx virtual host configuration listens for incoming connections using your app.example.com domain and serves your web application files from the /var/www/app.example.com web root directory on your server.

3. Test the Nginx configuration for errors.

   console Copy

   $ sudo nginx -t
   

   Output:

   nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
   nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

4. Link the configuration to the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled directory to activate the virtual host on your server.

   console Copy

   $ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/app.example.com.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
   

5. Create a new web root directory /var/www/app.example.com to store your web application files.

   console Copy

   $ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/app.example.com
   

6. Create a new HTML application file within the directory. For example, index.html.

   console Copy

   $ sudo nano /var/www/app.example.com/index.html
   

7. Add the following HTML contents to the file.

   html Copy

   <html>
       <head></head>
       <body>
           <h1>Greetings from Vultr</h1> 
       </body>
   </html>
   

   Save and close the file.

   The above HTML application displays a Greetings from Vultr heading when accessed in a web browser.

8. Restart Nginx to apply the new virtual host configurations on your server.

   console Copy

   $ sudo systemctl restart nginx
   

9. Access your domain to verify that Nginx correctly delivers the virtual host web application files on your server. For example, use the Curl utility to test access to your domain.

   console Copy

   $ curl http://app.example.com
   

   Output:

   <html>
       <head></head>
       <body>
           <h1>Greetings from Vultr</h1> 
       </body>
   </html>

Secure the Nginx Web Server

SSL certificates provide encrypted communication between a user's browser and the Nginx web server via HTTPS. Nginx listens for incoming connections on the insecure HTTP port 80 by default. Follow the steps below to generate trusted Let's Encrypt SSL certificates and secure Nginx to enable encrypted HTTPS connections.

1. Install the Certbot Let's Encrypt client package using Snap.

   console Copy

   $ sudo snap install --classic certbot
   

2. View the installed Certbot version on your server.

   console Copy

   $ certbot --version
   

   Output:

   certbot 3.3.0

3. Allow network connections on the HTTP port 80 for Certbot ACME verification.

   console Copy

   $ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
   

4. Generate a new SSL certificate for your domain. Replace app.example.com with the actual domain in your Nginx virtual host configurations.

   console Copy

   $ sudo certbot --nginx -d app.example.com --agree-tos
   

Set Up Firewall Rules

Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is enabled by default on Ubuntu 20.04. Follow the steps below to configure the firewall with rules that allow Nginx to listen for incoming HTTP and HTTPS connections on your server.

1. Allow connections on the HTTPS port 443.

   console Copy

   $ sudo ufw allow 443/tcp
   

2. View the UFW table and verify that the new connection rules are active.

   console Copy

   $ sudo ufw status
   

   Output:

   Status: active
   
   To                         Action      From
   --                         ------      ----
   22/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere                  
   80/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere                  
   443/tcp                    ALLOW       Anywhere                  
   22/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
   80/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
   443/tcp (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)

Conclusion

You have successfully installed Nginx on your Ubuntu 20.04 server and set it up to serve web applications. Nginx supports various virtual host configurations for secure delivery of applications. It can also integrate with other technologies like MySQL and PHP to power dynamic web applications.