
Moodle is a free, open-source, online Learning Management System (LMS) that allows educators to create a fully functional website for educational courses, complete with an online classroom experience. This guide explains how you can install Moodle on Ubuntu 22.04 server.
moodle.example.com.The code examples and configuration files in this guide use moodle.example.com and example.com for demonstration purposes. You should change all instances to your domain name.
Moodle needs HTTP and HTTPS ports to function.
Open them using the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW).
Check the status of the firewall.
Ubuntu 22.04 ships with an older version of Nginx. This article prefers using the official Nginx repository to install the latest version.
Install dependencies required for the Nginx install.
Import Nginx's signing key.
Add the repository for Nginx's stable version.
Update the system repository list.
Install the Nginx server.
Verify the installation.
The latest version of Moodle (v4.0.2) requires PHP 8.0. Add Ondrej's PHP repository to add support for PHP 8.0.
Install PHP and the required extensions.
Open the file /etc/php/8.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf.
Find the user=apache and group=apache lines in the file and change them as follows.
Also, find the lines listen.owner=www-data and listen.group=www-data in the file and change them to nginx.
Save the file by pressing Ctrl+X, then Y.
Restart the PHP-FPM service.
Install MySQL server.
The following step is necessary for MySQL versions 8.0.28 and above. Enter the MySQL Shell.
Run the following command to set the password for your root user. Make sure it has a mix of numbers, uppercase, lowercase, and special characters.
Exit the shell.
Run the Secure installation script.
Answer the questions as follows to secure MySQL.
Log in to the MySQL shell.
Create a database for Moodle.
Create an SQL user to access the database. Replace yourpassword with a strong password of your choice.
Grant moodleuser access to the database.
Reload the privilege table.
Exit the shell.
Create the public directory for Moodle.
Give the logged-in user access to the directory.
Switch to the public directory.
Clone the Moodle GitHub repository.
Check the list of available branches.
For now, MOODLE_400_STABLE is the latest available version. Create a local branch called MOODLE_400_STABLE and set it to track the remote branch.
Switch to the newly created local branch.
Create a data directory for Moodle.
Give proper permissions to the Moodle data directory.
Give write permissions on the Moodle directory.
Switch to the Moodle directory.
Use the sample configuration file to create a Moodle configuration file.
Open the config.php file for editing.
Look for the database section, then configure the database to store the Moodle data, as shown below.
Also, configure the location of the Moodle web URL and the data directory.
Save the file by pressing Ctrl+X, then Y.
You need the Certbot tool that uses Let's Encrypt API, to install SSL certificates. The latest version of Certbot is available via the Snap store.
Issue the following commands to ensure that you have the latest version of snapd.
Install Certbot.
Create a symlink for Certbot to the /usr/bin directory.
Issue the SSL Certificate.
Generate a Diffie-Hellman group certificate.
Open the file /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/moodle.example.com.conf for editing.
Paste the following code at the bottom.
Save the file by pressing Ctrl + X and entering Y when prompted.
The standalone option of Certbot uses its web server to create the certificate that doesn't work with Nginx. The pre_hook and post_hook commands run before and after the renewal to automatically shut and restart the Nginx server without manual intervention.
Do a dry run of the SSL renewal process to ensure it works.
Open the file nginx.conf for editing.
Find the line include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; and paste the following code below it.
Save the file by pressing Ctrl+X, then Y.
Create the Moodle configuration file for Nginx and open it for editing.
Paste the following code in it.
Save the file by pressing Ctrl+X, then Y.
Verify Nginx configuration syntax.
Restart the Nginx service.
Open the URL https://moodle.example.com in your browser to open the welcome screen.
Press the Continue button to proceed. The following page checks for system requirements. If everything is okay, move to the next screen.
The next page sets up the database and files required by Moodle. Continue to create your administrator account and fill in other details on the next screen.
The final step is to set up Moodle's front page. Save your changes to proceed to the Moodle dashboard. You can start using the application to create your learning platform.
This completes the process to install Moodle on Ubuntu. For more information, refer to the official Moodle documentation.
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