The cout
object in C++ is part of the iostream library and stands as the primary mechanism for producing output to the standard output device, usually the screen. It's a tool used extensively for displaying text and variables to the console, making it an essential component for debugging and user interaction in C++ applications.
In this article, you will learn how to effectively utilize the cout
object to output various types of data. Understand how to manipulate output using cout
and explore advanced usages such as formatting output and integrating user-defined types.
Include the iostream library and utilize cout
to output text and numbers.
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
std::cout << "The number is: " << 42 << std::endl;
return 0;
}
This code snippet demonstrates the basic usage of cout
for printing strings and integers. std::endl
is used to add a new line after the output.
Declare and output variables using cout
.
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int number = 15;
std::cout << "Selected number is: " << number << std::endl;
return 0;
}
In this example, an integer variable number
is declared, assigned the value 15
, and then output using cout
.
Use manipulators like std::setw
and std::setfill
to format the output.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main() {
std::cout << std::setfill('*') << std::setw(10) << 77 << std::endl;
return 0;
}
With std::setw(10)
, cout
will produce an output 10 characters wide, and std::setfill('*')
fills the remaining characters with asterisks.
Manipulate the precision of floating-point outputs.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main() {
double pi = 3.14159;
std::cout << "Pi is approximately: " << std::setprecision(2) << pi << std::endl;
return 0;
}
This code sets the output precision of the floating-point number pi
to 2 decimal places.
The cout
object from the C++ iostream library is a foundational tool for output in C++ programming. Whether you're outputting simple messages, or need precise control over formatting complex data types, cout
provides the functionality to meet these needs. Mastering cout
enhances the readability and usability of your C++ programs by allowing clear and formatted output on the console. Use the various techniques discussed to improve how you display data in your C++ applications, ensuring your output is both informative and visually appealing.