Python ord() - Convert Character to Integer

Introduction

The ord() function in Python is essential for converting a single Unicode character into its corresponding Unicode point integer. This function plays a significant role in various applications, such as cryptographic algorithms, data parsing, and encoding processes where character manipulation at the integer level is required.

In this article, you will learn how to effectively use the ord() function in Python to handle character-to-integer conversions. Understand its behavior with different types of characters and explore some practical scenarios where ord() can be particularly useful.

Basics of ord() Function

Convert Basic English Characters

1. Choose a basic English character.

2. Pass the character as an argument to the ord() function.

   python Copy

   char = 'A'
   unicode_point = ord(char)
   print(unicode_point)
   

   This code snippet will print the Unicode point of the character 'A', which is 65. The ord() function simply converts the character to its corresponding integer, based on the Unicode standard.

Handle Non-English Characters

1. Select a non-English text character.

2. Use the ord() function to convert this character to its Unicode integer.

   python Copy

   char = 'é'
   unicode_point = ord(char)
   print(unicode_point)
   

   In this example, 'é' is converted into 233. Non-English characters, including those with diacritical marks, have unique Unicode points which ord() can successfully retrieve.

Advanced Usage Scenarios

Using ord() in Cryptographic Conditions

1. Integrate ord() into a basic cryptographic function where each letter is shifted by a set number of places in the Unicode table.

2. Apply the function to encrypt a string.

   python Copy

   def encrypt(text, shift):
       encrypted_text = ""
       for char in text:
           shifted = ord(char) + shift
           encrypted_text += chr(shifted)
       return encrypted_text
   
   sample_text = 'hello'
   encrypted = encrypt(sample_text, 2)
   print(encrypted)
   

   The encrypt function shifts each character in the input text by 2 Unicode points to create a simple encrypted string. This example reveals the straightforward integration of the ord() function in data encryption processes.

Interaction with Other Functions

1. Combine ord() with map() to convert a whole string of characters to their respective Unicode integers.

2. Print the list of Unicode integers.

   python Copy

   word = 'Python'
   unicode_points = list(map(ord, word))
   print(unicode_points)
   

   This code snippet will output the list of Unicode integers corresponding to each character in "Python". Using map() with ord() provides an efficient way to handle multiple conversions simultaneously.

Conclusion

The ord() function is a powerful and simple tool in Python for converting characters into their corresponding Unicode integers. This function is invaluable for operations that require interaction with characters at their fundamental integer level, such as in encoding mechanisms, data transformation, and cryptographic applications. By mastering ord(), you can perform a wide range of tasks, from simple data manipulation to complex encryption algorithms, ensuring accurate and efficient data processing across different applications.